toUpperCase() method

Ok, i didn't know whether to put this to my already posted question which is the "String.trim() method help....." post since this is a totally different question, but it relates to the same program..

What i'm very confused about is how to read a passage from a text file, and convert the first character of each word to a Capital letter.. I'm sure the program has a lot of bugs in it that still needs to be fixed, but i'm trying to work on it piece by piece... The code that i'm confused on right now is the

Code:

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str[i]= the_words[i].substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+str[i].substring(1);

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, but that's neither here nor there.. The problem i'm having right now is that i'm getting the "variable may not have been initialized" era, and i'm really unsure of how i'm getting it.... That variable that getting the era is "the_words" variable all the way in the last statement(For loop and the print statement)

Code:

---

public class project2
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  throws java.io.IOException
  {

  // Declare Variables

      int i;
      int num_lines = 0;
      String infilename;
      String str [] = new String [1000];
      String [] the_words;

  // Establish keyboard input stream

      Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

  // Get required data items from user
 
  // Prompt user for input file name

      System.out.print("Enter name of text file: ");
      infilename = sc.nextLine();

  // Check for existence of the file
 
      File infile = new File(infilename);

 
      if(!infile.exists())
      {

        System.out.println("The file" +infilename+ "does not exists.");
        System.out.println("Quitting now. Please try again.");
        System.exit(1);
      }
   

    //Open the file for reading

      Scanner fsc = new Scanner(infile);
     
    //Read the data in the file line by line
     
      while (fsc.hasNext() )
      {
 
          str[num_lines] = fsc.nextLine();
     
              num_lines ++;
      }
 
          //fsc.close();
     
  // Print text passage

      for(i=0; i<num_lines; i++)
 
        System.out.println(str[i]);
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println();
     
  // Count the total number of words in passage
      int sum = 0;
       
      for(i=0; i<num_lines; i++)
      {
        the_words = str[i].trim().split("\\s+");

  // Calcualte amount of words
      sum += the_words.length;
   
      }
  // Print the amount of words
      System.out.println("Amount of words in passage: "+sum);
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println();
     
  // Capitalize first letter of every word
 
         
    for(i = 0; i<the_words.length; i++)
    {
      if (i==0)
      {
        // Capitalize the first letter of the string
            str[i]= the_words[i].substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+str[i].substring(1);
        }
    }

      System.out.println(the_words[i]);
 
       
     
  }
     
}

---

Code:

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str[i]= the_words[i].substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+str[i].substring(1);

---

should be

Code:

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str[i]= the_words[i].substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+[B]the_words[/B][i].substring(1);

---

Thank you for the correction.. I knew that piece of code was definitely wrong, even though i thought i was much more off than that. But why is my variable "the_words" getting the "variable my not have been initialized" era when compiled though??

Quote:

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for(i = 0; i<the_words.length; i++)

---

and

Quote:

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System.out.println(the_words[i]);

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Please learn to indent your code correctly.
Unindented code is very hard to read.

The only places you initialise the_words (also learn the Java coding standards) is inside a conditional statement (a for loop) which may well not be executed...what if num_lines is 0?

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Tolls

Please learn to indent your code correctly.
Unindented code is very hard to read.

The only places you initialise the_words (also learn the Java coding standards) is inside a conditional statement (a for loop) which may well not be executed...what if num_lines is 0?

---

Sorry about that... But question, as of what you see, other than where my "the_words" is initialized, is what i'm trying to do on the right path??

No idea.
I tend to only answer the "my code is broke" questions, and only then if they're fairly clear.
I do enough code reviewing in the day as it is.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by Tolls

No idea.
I tend to only answer the "my code is broke" questions, and only then if they're fairly clear.
I do enough code reviewing in the day as it is.

---

Fair enough.. Thank you though for the initialization reason though.

Still having problems with this.. Just can't seem to get it... I added another piece to the code towards the bottom.. It replaces all instances of The word "The" to the word "La" and "the" to the word "la."


But i'm still confused on how to go about capitalizing the first characters in each word. My ToUpperCase() method is all jacked up.

Code:

---

//Change all occurences of the word "The" to the word "La" and the word "the" to the word "la"
     
    for(i = 0; i<num_lines; i++)
     
      { 
                String s1 = " "+str[i]+" ";
                String s2 = s1.replaceAll(" the ", " la ");
                String s3 = s2.replaceAll(" The ", " La ");
       
      }
     
  // Capitalize first character of each word 

      int k =0;
       
          while(k<s1.length())
          {
            if(s1.charAt(k) == " ")
              s2 = s2+s1.charAt(k)+s1.toUpperCase(str.charAt(k+1));
     
                else
                  s2= s2+s1.charAt(k);
     
            k++;
            k++;
          }
               
         
    // Prints the passage with first character capitalized   
      System.out.println(s2);

    // Prints the word replacement passage
      System.out.println(s3);
 

     
  }   
         
}

---

This is the compile error message i'm getting:

Code:

---

project2.java:126: incomparable types: char and java.lang.String
            if(s1.charAt(k) == " ")
                            ^

project2.java:127: cannot find symbol
symbol  : method charAt(int)
location: class java.lang.String[]
              s2 = s2+s1.charAt(k)+s1.toUpperCase(str.charAt(k+1));
                                                    ^
2 errors

---

'

Code:

---

public class project2
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  throws java.io.IOException
  {

  // Declare Variables
 
      int i;
      int num_lines = 0;
      String infilename, s1, s2, s3;
      String str [] = new String [1000];
      String [] the_words = new String[0];
      char [] charArr;
 
  // Establish keyboard input stream
    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
 
  // Get required data items from user

  // Prompt user for input file name
 
      System.out.print("Enter name of text file: ");
      infilename = sc.nextLine();
   
  // Check for existence of the file
 
      File infile = new File(infilename);
     
     
      if(!infile.exists())
      {
     
        System.out.println("The file" +infilename+ "does not exists.");
        System.out.println("Quitting now. Please try again.");
        System.exit(1);
    }
     
 
    //Open the file for reading

      Scanner fsc = new Scanner(infile);
 
    //Read the data in the file line by line
      //int sum = 0;
      while (fsc.hasNext() )
      {
     
        str[num_lines] = fsc.nextLine();

        //for(i=0; i<str.length;i++)
        //{
          //if(i ==0)
            //{the_words = str[i].trim().split("\\s+");
              //sum += the_words.length}
        //}
      num_lines ++;
       
      }
     
 
        //fsc.close();

     
  // Print text passage
     
      for(i=0; i<num_lines; i++)
     
      System.out.println(str[i]);
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println();
         
           
  // Count the total number of words in passage
      int sum = 0;

      for(i=0; i<num_lines; i++)
      {
      the_words = str[i].trim().split("\\s+");

      sum += the_words.length;
       
      }
  // Print the amount of words
      System.out.println("Amount of words in passage: "+sum);
      System.out.println();
      System.out.println();
     
  // Change all occurrences of the word "The" to the word "La" and the word "the" to the word "la"
     
    for(i = 0; i<num_lines; i++)
     
      { 
                s1 = " "+str[i]+" ";
                s2 = s1.replaceAll(" the ", " la ");
                s3 = s2.replaceAll(" The ", " La ");
       
      }
     
  // Capitalize first character of each word 

      int k =0;
       
          while(k<s1.length())
          {
            if(str.charAt(k) == " ")
              s2 = s2+s1.charAt(k)+s1.toUpperCase(str.charAt(k+1));
     
                else
                  s2= s2+s1.charAt(k);
     
            k++;
            k++;
          }
               
       
      System.out.println(s2);
      System.out.println(s3);
 

     
  }   
         
}

---

The first error is because you are comparing a char with a string. If you want a char you use single quotes round a single character.

So ' ', not " ".

The second error seems to be that "str" is a String[] and not a String, so charAt won't work. You'll need to tell it which String you want to do charAt on.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Tolls

The first error is because you are comparing a char with a string. If you want a char you use single quotes round a single character.

So ' ', not " ".

The second error seems to be that "str" is a String[] and not a String, so charAt won't work. You'll need to tell it which String you want to do charAt on.

---

Is this the correct route to go???

Code:

---

while(k<s1.length())
          {
            if(s1.charAt(k) == ' ')
              s2 += s1.charAt(k).s1.toUpperCase(s1.charAt(k+1));
     
                else
                  s2 += s1.charAt(k);
     
            k++;
            k++;
          }

---

Compile error code:

Code:

---

project2.java:127: char cannot be dereferenced
              s2 += s1.charAt(k).s1.toUpperCase(s1.charAt(k+1));
                                ^

---

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by arson09

Compile error code:

Code:

---

project2.java:127: char cannot be dereferenced
              s2 += s1.charAt(k).s1.toUpperCase(s1.charAt(k+1));
                                ^

---

---

Take a good look at what the compiler is telling you, and think about it. What does "charAt(k).s1" mean? If you don't know what it means, then why is it in your code?

When you catch yourself just changing things and trying to recompile, without understanding what's going on, it's time to slow down, take a step back, and simplify. Believe me, we've all been there. But if you don't understand exactly what your code is doing, then you need to slow down and test things one at a time.

-Gary-

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by gcalvin

Take a good look at what the compiler is telling you, and think about it. What does "charAt(k).s1" mean? If you don't know what it means, then why is it in your code?

When you catch yourself just changing things and trying to recompile, without understanding what's going on, it's time to slow down, take a step back, and simplify. Believe me, we've all been there. But if you don't understand exactly what your code is doing, then you need to slow down and test things one at a time.

-Gary-

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Sir, i see what your saying, and i see that it's a mistake, and you are absolutely correct.. That's exactly what i've been doing these past few days.. I'm just still REALLY confused about this conversion... It seems like no matter what i do, i still get the char cannot be dereferenced compile error or more compile error codes than what i originally started out with.. I know exactly what i want to do. I'm just really confused on how exactly to put it into code... Should i be using the substring method? If charAt(k) is a space, how do i increment one and capitalize the very next word, etc?? This is where i'm confused at..

I would do it something like this:

Code:

---

create a StringBuilder to build my result string
create a boolean capitalize variable and initialize it to true
for each character in the original string
        if character is a space (or period or newline or question mark or tab or whatever else might come before a new word)
                set capitalize to true
                append character to result StringBuilder
        else
                if capitalize
                        append Character.toUpperCase(character) to result StringBuilder
                        set capitalize to false
                else
                        append character to result StringBuilder
return the result StringBuilder's toString()

---

There may be a way to do it more efficiently, but that's basically the idea.

-Gary-

Question....Seeing as though i'm reading in the file with:

Code:

---

  //Read the data in the file line by line
      while (fsc.hasNext() )
      {
              str[num_lines]= fsc.nextLine();
        num_lines ++;
      }
              fsc.close();

---

And what i'm trying to do with the overall code is:

1: Capitalize the first character of each word in the passage

2. Replace all instances of "The" to "La(Already done)

3. Print the longest word in the passage that does not end with a 's.'

4. Print a frequency table for the 6 prepositions "of" "to" "in" "for" "with" and "on" (How many times they occur in the passage and and their percentage

5. A biagram of two consecutive letters within a word.. Showing biagrams for the most frequently occuring biagram, 2nd most frequent occured biagram, and so on..


So my question is, since the program requires that i identify and
extract individual words from the text passage. Would it be helpful if i convert the string array into a regular string?
Something like:

Code:

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String  str1+= str[num_lines];

---

I've tried using:

Code:

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the_words = str.trim().split("\\s+");

---

in which returns an array of strings to my already declared

Code:

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String the_words [];

---

... I just don't know how to implement it in my code though.

No, you can't append a String array onto a String like that. I don't see the need to read the file into a String array in the first place. Why don't you just handle the lines one by one as you read them?

-Gary-

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by gcalvin

No, you can't append a String array onto a String like that. I don't see the need to read the file into a String array in the first place. Why don't you just handle the lines one by one as you read them?

-Gary-

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The only way we've learned so far is by reading the passage into an array..