How to create a Hypnosis Spiral in Java

[Java Tip]

This Java tip creates a hypnosis spiral animation in Java.

Code:

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.Timer;

/**
 * A Swing component that smoothly animates a spiral in a hypnotic way.
 */
public class Hypnosis extends JComponent implements ActionListener {
  double x, y; // The center of the spiral

  double r1, r2; // The inner and outer radii of the spiral

  double a1, a2; // The start and end angles of the spiral

  double deltaA; // How much the angle changes each frame

  double deltaX, deltaY; // The trajectory of the center

  float linewidth; // How wide the lines are

  Timer timer; // The object that triggers the animation

  BufferedImage buffer; // The image we use for double-buffering

  Graphics2D osg; // Graphics2D object for drawing into the buffer

  public Hypnosis(double x, double y, double r1, double r2, double a1,
      double a2, float linewidth, int delay, double deltaA,
      double deltaX, double deltaY) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    this.r1 = r1;
    this.r2 = r2;
    this.a1 = a1;
    this.a2 = a2;
    this.linewidth = linewidth;
    this.deltaA = deltaA;
    this.deltaX = deltaX;
    this.deltaY = deltaY;

    // Set up a timer to call actionPerformed() every delay milliseconds
    timer = new Timer(delay, this);

    // Create a buffer for double-buffering
    buffer = new BufferedImage((int) (2 * r2 + linewidth),
        (int) (2 * r2 + linewidth), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

    // Create a Graphics object for the buffer, and set the linewidth
    // and request antialiasing when drawing with it
    osg = buffer.createGraphics();
    osg.setStroke(new BasicStroke(linewidth, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND,
        BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND));
    osg.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
        RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
  }

  // Start and stop the animation by starting and stopping the timer
  public void start() {
    timer.start();
  }

  public void stop() {
    timer.stop();
  }

  /**
   * Swing calls this method to ask the component to redraw itself. This
   * method uses double-buffering to make the animation smoother. Swing does
   * double-buffering automatically, so this may not actually make much
   * difference, but it is important to understand the technique.
   */
  public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    // Clear the background of the off-screen image
    osg.setColor(getBackground());
    osg.fillRect(0, 0, buffer.getWidth(), buffer.getHeight());

    // Now draw a black spiral into the off-screen image
    osg.setColor(Color.black);
    osg.draw(new Spiral(r2 + linewidth / 2, r2 + linewidth / 2, r1, a1, r2,
        a2));

    // Now copy that off-screen image onto the screen
    g.drawImage(buffer, (int) (x - r2), (int) (y - r2), this);
  }

  /**
   * This method implements the ActionListener interface. Our Timer object
   * calls this method periodically. It updates the position and angles of the
   * spiral and requests a redraw. Instead of redrawing the entire component,
   * however, this method requests a redraw only for the area that has
   * changed.
   */
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    // Ask to have the old bounding box of the spiral redrawn.
    // Nothing else has anything drawn in it, so it doesn't need a redraw
    repaint((int) (x - r2 - linewidth), (int) (y - r2 - linewidth),
        (int) (2 * (r2 + linewidth)), (int) (2 * (r2 + linewidth)));

    // Now animate: update the position and angles of the spiral

    // Bounce if we've hit an edge
    Rectangle bounds = getBounds();
    if ((x - r2 + deltaX < 0) || (x + r2 + deltaX > bounds.width))
      deltaX = -deltaX;
    if ((y - r2 + deltaY < 0) || (y + r2 + deltaY > bounds.height))
      deltaY = -deltaY;

    // Move the center of the spiral
    x += deltaX;
    y += deltaY;

    // Increment the start and end angles;
    a1 += deltaA;
    a2 += deltaA;
    if (a1 > 2 * Math.PI) { // Don't let them get too big
      a1 -= 2 * Math.PI;
      a2 -= 2 * Math.PI;
    }

    // Now ask to have the new bounding box of the spiral redrawn. This
    // rectangle will be intersected with the redraw rectangle requested
    // above, and only the combined region will be redrawn
    repaint((int) (x - r2 - linewidth), (int) (y - r2 - linewidth),
        (int) (2 * (r2 + linewidth)), (int) (2 * (r2 + linewidth)));
  }

  /** Tell Swing not to double-buffer for us, since we do our own */
  public boolean isDoubleBuffered() {
    return false;
  }

  /** This is a main() method for testing the component */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    JFrame f = new JFrame("Hypnosis");
    Hypnosis h = new Hypnosis(200, 200, 10, 100, 0, 11 * Math.PI, 7, 100,
        2 * Math.PI / 30, 3, 5);
    f.getContentPane().add(h, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    f.setSize(400, 400);
    f.show();
    h.start();
  }
}