[hardwired]

Code:

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Gramata3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[][] books = {
              //   book                        author              year
            { "Head First Java",          "Bates and Sierra",     "2003" },
            { "Thinking In Java",         "Bruce Eckel",          "2002" },
            { "Learning Java",            "Niemeyer and Knudsen", "2000" },
            { "Developing Java Sortware", "Winder and Roberts",   "2000" }
        };
        File file = new File("gramata3.txt");
        try {
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(
                              new FileWriter(file));
            for(int j = 0; j < books.length; j++) {
                out.println(books[j][2] + " " + books[j][0] + " by " + books[j][1]);
            }
            out.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.println("write error: " + e.getMessage());
        }
       
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                                new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        try {
            System.out.println("Enter a book, see book list " +
                               "or quit? 'e'/'s'/'q'");
            String choice = reader.readLine();
            while(!choice.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) {
                if(choice.equals("e")) {
                    System.out.print("Enter name of the book: ");
                    String book = reader.readLine();
                    System.out.println("enter author");
                    String author = reader.readLine();
                    System.out.println("enter year");
                    String year = reader.readLine();
                    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(
                                      new FileWriter(file, true));
                    out.println(year + " " + book + " by " + author);
                    out.close();
                } else if(choice.equals("s")) {
                    System.out.println("sort books by title, author " +
                                       "or date? 't'/'a'/'d'");
                    choice = reader.readLine().toLowerCase();
                    int index = choice.equals("t") ? 1 :
                                choice.equals("a") ? 2 : 0;
                    showBooks(file, index);
                }
                System.out.println("Enter a book see, book list " +
                                   "or quit? 'e'/'s'/'q'");
                choice = reader.readLine();
            }
            reader.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.println("main I/O error: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private static void showBooks(File file, int index) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        try {
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
                                new FileReader(file));
            String line;
            while((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                list.add(line);
            }
            in.close();
        } catch(IOException e) {
            System.out.println("showBooks I/O error: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        sort(list, index);
    }

    private static void sort(List<String> list, int index) {
        // Parse the lines into the title, author and date data.
        String[][] data = new String[list.size()][];
        for(int j = 0; j < list.size(); j++) {
            String book = (String)list.get(j);
            data[j] = getBookData(book);
        }
        // Sort the books.
        for(int j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
            String min = data[j][index];
            int minIndex = j;
            for(int k = j+1; k < data.length; k++) {
                int compare = 0;
                switch(index) {
                    case 0:  // year
                        Integer n = Integer.valueOf(min);
                        compare = Integer.valueOf(data[k][index]).compareTo(n);
                        break;
                    case 1:  // title
                        String s = String.valueOf(min);
                        compare = data[k][index].compareTo(s);
                        break;
                    case 2:  // author
                        String name = getComparableName(data[k][index]);
                        s = getComparableName(min);
                        compare = name.compareTo(s);
                }
                if(compare < 0) {
                    min = data[k][index];
                    minIndex = k;
                }
            }
            if(minIndex != j) {
                // Found lower sort value, swap book elements.
                String[] temp = data[j];
                data[j] = data[minIndex];
                data[minIndex] = temp;
            }
        }
        // Print the sorted array.
        for(int j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
            String year = data[j][0];
            String title = data[j][1];
            String author = data[j][2];
            System.out.println(year + " " + title + " by " + author);
        }
        System.out.println("------------------");
    }

    private static String[] getBookData(String book) {
        String[] data = new String[3];
        int start = book.indexOf(" ");
        data[0] = book.substring(0, start);   // year
        int by = book.indexOf(" by ", start+1);
        data[1] = book.substring(start, by);  // title
        data[2] = book.substring(by + 4);     // author
        return data;
    }

    private static String getComparableName(String s) {
        boolean hasAnd = s.indexOf(" and ") != -1;
        int last = s.lastIndexOf(" ");
        if(!hasAnd && last != -1) {
            // Put last name first for accurate sorting.
            s = s.substring(last+1) + " " + s.substring(0, last);
        }
        return s;
    }
}